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Modern air brake systems incorporate three systems - Parking brakes, service brakes, and?

  1. Drum brakes.

  2. S-cam brakes.

  3. Foot brakes.

  4. Emergency brakes.

The correct answer is: Emergency brakes.

Modern air brake systems are designed with several critical components to ensure safe and efficient vehicle operation. The three primary systems involved in air brake functionality are parking brakes, service brakes, and emergency brakes. Emergency brakes are essential for providing an additional layer of safety in case of a failure in the primary brake systems. Their function is to bring the vehicle to a stop in the event of a loss of air pressure, which could occur due to a leak or failure in the system. This redundancy is vital for maintaining control of the vehicle and preventing accidents. The other options, while related to braking systems, do not fully encapsulate the third critical braking mechanism within modern air brake configurations. Drum brakes and S-cam brakes refer specifically to types of brake designs rather than systems. Foot brakes describe a method of operation but do not represent a distinct system alongside parking and emergency brakes. By incorporating emergency brakes into modern air brake systems, manufacturers enhance the overall safety and reliability of heavy vehicles, ensuring that operators have a dependable means of stopping the vehicle in any scenario.